could

Was or were able to do something in the past.

• I could swim at six.
• She could speak French as a child.
• Could you ride a bike when you were five?

How to use it: could + base verb (He could run very fast when he was young.)

Similar words: was able to, were able to

Common phrases: could swim, could read, could speak

Used to say that an action is available as a choice.

• We could walk home.
• You could ask your teacher instead.
• She could take the bus or ride her bike.

How to use it: could + base verb (You could use my phone.)

Common phrases: could go, could try, could stay

Used to ask politely whether you are allowed to do something.

• Could I sit here?
• Could we leave a little early?
• Could I borrow your pen, please?

How to use it: Could I/we + base verb? (Could I open the window?)

Common phrases: could I borrow, could we use, could I leave

Would be able to do something if a situation were different.

• I could help if I had time.
• If she were taller, she could reach the shelf.
• We could travel more if tickets were cheaper.

How to use it: could + base verb + if… (I could buy it if I saved enough money.); wish + subject + could + base verb (I wish I could visit you.)

Similar words: would be able to

Common phrases: could do something, could afford something, could be