basal

基部の、基底の

生物や構造物のいちばん下、またはその近くにある。

やさしい英語で： At or near the bottom of a living thing or a structure.

• The plant has broad basal leaves.
• Damage affected the basal layer of skin.
• New shoots appeared near the basal part of the stem.

よく使う表現： basal leaves, basal layer, basal cells

基礎の、基礎代謝の

生物が生きて健康を保つために必要な、最低の水準にある。

やさしい英語で： At the lowest level needed to keep a living thing alive and healthy.

• The study measured basal energy needs.
• Her basal metabolic rate was higher than expected.
• The animals received a basal diet throughout the experiment.

類義語： minimum, maintenance

よく使う表現： basal metabolic rate, basal requirements, basal diet

基本的な、基礎的な

基本となる、または他のものを築く出発点となる。

やさしい英語で： Basic, or forming the starting point on which something else is built.

• This is the basal principle of the theory.
• The argument rests on a few basal ideas.
• Students must first understand the system's basal assumptions.

類義語： basic, fundamental, elementary

よく使う表現： basal principle, basal idea

基部の、早期に分岐した

同じ祖先を持つ他の集団から、早い時期に分かれた集団に属する。

やさしい英語で： Belonging to a group that separated early from other groups sharing the same origin.

• This species belongs to a basal lineage.
• The diagram shows a basal branch of the family.
• Researchers compared basal groups with those that separated later.

類義語： early-diverging

よく使う表現： basal lineage, basal group, basal branch

基底、最低値

土台やいちばん下の部分、または最も低い水準。

やさしい英語で： A base, bottom part, or lowest level.

• The diagram marks the basal at the bottom.
• Record the basal before measuring the increase.
• The measured basal serves as our reference value.

類義語： base, bottom, minimum

よく使う表現： measured basal, the basal

基底部

何かの土台の位置にある部分や構造。

やさしい英語で： A part or structure found at the base of something.

• A small basal supports the structure.
• The fossil preserves several basals.
• Each basal is attached to a larger skeletal plate.

類義語： basal part

よく使う表現： skeletal basal, small basal