depression

うつ病

悲しみや気力の低下、日常への関心の薄れが長く続く心の病気。

やさしい英語で： A mental health condition that causes lasting sadness, low energy, and loss of interest in daily life.

• She has depression.
• He received treatment for depression last year.
• Her doctor asked about symptoms of depression.

よく使う表現： have depression, severe depression, treatment for depression

不況、恐慌

経済活動が大きく落ち込み、多くの人が仕事を失う状態が長く続くこと。

やさしい英語で： A long period when business activity falls greatly and many people lose their jobs.

• The country entered a depression.
• Many businesses closed during the depression.
• The government feared another economic depression.

類義語： slump

反対語： boom

よく使う表現： economic depression, great depression, during a depression

落ち込み、憂うつ

とても悲しく、気分が沈んでいる状態。

やさしい英語で： A state of feeling very sad and unhappy.

• A feeling of depression followed his disappointment.
• Her depression lifted when her friends arrived.
• He sank into depression after losing the match.

類義語： sadness, gloom, dejection

反対語： happiness

よく使う表現： deep depression, feeling of depression, period of depression

くぼみ

表面のうち、周りより低くなっている部分。

やさしい英語で： A part of a surface that is lower than the area around it.

• Water collected in a small depression.
• The heavy box left a depression in the cushion.
• She filled the depressions in the ground with soil.

使い方： a depression in something (There was a shallow depression in the metal.)

類義語： hollow, dip

反対語： bump

よく使う表現： shallow depression, depression in something, small depression, natural depression

押し下げ、下降

何かを下に押したり、下へ動かしたりすること。

やさしい英語で： The act of pushing or moving something down.

• Depression of the pedal starts the motor.
• The switch requires full depression to work.
• Repeated depression of the lever damaged the spring.

使い方： depression of something (Depression of the lever releases the lock.)

よく使う表現： depression of something, pedal depression, full depression