fallacy

誤謬、詭弁

説得力があるように見えて、筋道に誤りがある議論。

やさしい英語で： An argument that seems convincing but contains a mistake in its reasoning.

• His argument contains a logical fallacy.
• She spotted a fallacy in the speaker's reasoning.
• Attacking the person instead of the argument is a fallacy.

類義語： faulty argument, sophism

よく使う表現： a logical fallacy, commit a fallacy, spot a fallacy

誤った考え、誤謬

多くは考え方の誤りから生じる、間違った思い込みや結論。

やさしい英語で： A belief or conclusion that is wrong, often because it is based on poor reasoning.

• That belief is a fallacy.
• It's a common fallacy that expensive products are always better.
• The report exposed several fallacies about poverty.

使い方： the fallacy that… (She challenged the fallacy that success always brings happiness.)

類義語： misconception, false belief, error

反対語： truth

よく使う表現： a common fallacy, a dangerous fallacy, expose a fallacy

錯覚、見せかけ

実在しないものが見えたり、本当だと思えたりするような外見。

やさしい英語で： An appearance that tricks you into seeing or believing something that is not real.

• The apparent depth was a visual fallacy.
• He mistook a fallacy of appearance for solid evidence.
• These optical fallacies can deceive even a careful observer.

類義語： illusion, deception

反対語： reality

よく使う表現： a visual fallacy, a fallacy of appearance, an optical fallacy