however

しかし、けれども

直前に述べたことと食い違う事実を付け加えるときに使う。

やさしい英語で： Used to introduce a fact that differs from what you have just said.

• It was cold. However, we went outside.
• The room is small; however, it feels comfortable.
• She was tired. She agreed, however, to help.

類義語： nevertheless, nonetheless, still

よく使う表現： however in practice, however this means, however the result

どんなに、いくら

量や程度がどれほどであっても、結果が変わらないことを示す。

やさしい英語で： Used to say that any amount or degree of something makes no difference.

• Come over, however late it is.
• However small the room is, we can use it.
• She kept trying, however hard it became.

使い方： however + adjective/adverb + clause (However tired you are, you still need to eat.); however much/many + clause (Take a break, however much work you have.)

類義語： no matter how

よく使う表現： however much, however small, however hard

どのようにしても

何かをどのような方法で行っても。

やさしい英語で： In whatever way something is done.

• However you travel, the journey takes hours.
• It tastes good however you cook it.
• However we solve this, someone will be unhappy.

使い方： however + subject + verb (However you arrange the chairs, leave space for the door.)

類義語： in whatever way

よく使う表現： however you choose, however you travel, however it happens

一体どうやって

何かがどう起きたのか、強い驚きを込めて尋ねるときに使う。

やさしい英語で： Used to ask how something happened, with strong surprise.

• However did you get here?
• However could she lift that box?
• However was he able to escape?

使い方： however + auxiliary + subject + verb? (However did you find this tiny shop?)

類義語： how on earth

よく使う表現： however did someone, however could someone, however was something

適当に、好きなように

決まった計画や規則によらず、好きな方法で。

やさしい英語で： In any way you choose, without a particular plan or rule.

• Just arrange it however.
• She put the cushions however, without any plan.
• You can fold it however; I do not mind.

類義語： anyhow, any way

よく使う表現： do it however, arrange it however, put it however

しかし、けれども

内容が異なる、または対立する二つの文をつなぐ。

やさしい英語で： Used to join two statements whose ideas differ or oppose each other.

• I asked him; however, he refused.
• We planned a picnic; however, it rained.
• She wanted to stay; however, she had to leave.

類義語： but, yet

よく使う表現： however someone decided, however someone refused, however something changed