inflation

インフレ、物価上昇

物価が全体的に上がり、同じお金で以前より少ししか買えなくなること。

やさしい英語で： A general rise in prices that makes money buy less than before.

• Inflation makes food more expensive.
• Wages failed to keep up with inflation.
• The bank raised interest rates to reduce inflation.

反対語： deflation

よく使う表現： high inflation, inflation rate, rising inflation

水増し、過度の増加

特に成績や報告される数字が、妥当な水準を超えて増えること。

やさしい英語で： An increase beyond what is reasonable or deserved, especially in grades or reported numbers.

• Grade inflation makes results harder to compare.
• The audit revealed inflation of expense claims.
• Teachers discussed how to prevent score inflation.

類義語： exaggeration

よく使う表現： grade inflation, score inflation, inflation of figures

膨張、空気注入

空気やガスを入れて、物を大きくしたり張りを持たせたりすること。

やさしい英語で： The process of filling something with air or gas so it becomes larger or firm.

• The pump allows quick tyre inflation.
• Airbag inflation happens in a fraction of a second.
• Check the valve before balloon inflation.

反対語： deflation

よく使う表現： balloon inflation, tyre inflation, rapid inflation

増大、膨張

大きさや量、価値が増えること。

やさしい英語で： An increase in size, amount, or value.

• The report tracks the inflation of costs.
• Grade inflation has changed the admissions process.
• They questioned the sudden inflation of reported sales.

類義語： increase, expansion

反対語： reduction

よく使う表現： grade inflation, price inflation, inflation of costs

貨幣インフレーション

出回るお金が増え、その価値が下がって表示価格が上がること。

やさしい英語で： An increase in the amount of money available that reduces its value and raises stated prices.

• Monetary inflation reduced the currency’s value.
• The economist linked inflation to excessive money creation.
• They studied inflation caused by an expanding money supply.

反対語： deflation

よく使う表現： monetary inflation, currency inflation, inflation of money