judge

裁判官、審査員

裁判で判断を下したり、競技の勝者を決めたりする役目の人。

やさしい英語で： A person whose job is to decide a legal case or choose a winner in a competition.

• The judge listened to both sides.
• Three judges chose the winning cake.
• The judge sentenced him to two years in prison.

類義語： adjudicator

よく使う表現： court judge, competition judge, judge’s decision

裁判官

裁判を進め、法律をどう適用するか判断する人。

やさしい英語で： A person who controls a court case and decides how the law applies.

• The judge listened to both lawyers.
• Two judges reviewed the case.
• The judge sentenced him to three years in prison.

類義語： justice

よく使う表現： court judge, judge and jury

審査員、審判

競技の演技や行動を評価し、点数、勝者、規則を守ったかを決める人。

やさしい英語で： A person who checks performances or actions in a competition and decides scores, winners, or whether rules were followed.

• The judge gave her ten points.
• Three judges chose the winning cake.
• One judge thought the boxer had broken a rule.

類義語： adjudicator, referee

よく使う表現： competition judge, judge at something

士師

王が現れる以前に、古代イスラエルの民を率いた人。

やさしい英語で： A person who led the people of ancient Israel before they had kings.

• Deborah was a judge in ancient Israel.
• The judge led the people into battle.
• Several judges ruled before Israel had kings.

類義語： leader

よく使う表現： biblical judge, judge of Israel

評価する、判断する

人や物がどれほどよいか、悪いかを判断する。

やさしい英語で： To decide how good or bad someone or something is.

• It is hard to judge the quality.
• She judged the singing competition last year.
• Please do not judge me before hearing my explanation.

使い方： judge someone/something by something (Do not judge a person by their clothes.); judge someone/something on something (We judge each entry on its originality.)

類義語： assess, evaluate, appraise

よく使う表現： judge a competition, judge someone fairly

見積もる、推測する

量や距離などを正確に測らず、おおよそ判断する。

やさしい英語で： To work out an amount, distance, or other fact without measuring it exactly.

• Can you judge the distance?
• He judged her age to be about forty.
• She judged the speed of the approaching car.

使い方： judge how… (It is difficult to judge how deep the water is.); judge that… (I judged that we were about two miles away.)

類義語： estimate, gauge

よく使う表現： judge the distance, judge the speed

判断する、見なす

人や物にある特徴がある、またはある状態だと考える。

やさしい英語で： To believe that someone or something has a particular quality or is in a particular state.

• We judged it safe to leave.
• The committee judged her suitable for the role.
• He judges further discussion unnecessary.

使い方： judge someone/something + adjective (The doctor judged him fit to travel.); judge something to be something (They judged the plan to be a success.)

類義語： consider, deem, think

よく使う表現： judge something necessary, judge someone fit

裁く、判決を下す

裁判で正式な判断を下すこと。

やさしい英語で： To make an official decision in a court case.

• The court judged in favor of the family.
• She has judged many difficult cases.
• Who will judge this case?

使い方： judge in favor of someone (The court judged in favor of the tenant.)

類義語： rule, adjudicate

よく使う表現： judge a case, judge in favor