longitudinal

縦断的な

同じ人や物を、一定の期間にわたって繰り返し調べる。

やさしい英語で： Studying the same people or things repeatedly over a period of time.

• The team began a longitudinal study.
• Longitudinal research tracked the children for twenty years.
• These longitudinal data show how reading skills develop.

よく使う表現： longitudinal study, longitudinal research, longitudinal data

縦方向の、長手方向の

物の長さに沿って、一方の端からもう一方の端へ伸びる。

やさしい英語で： Running along the length of an object, from one end towards the other.

• The beam has a longitudinal crack.
• The aircraft rotates around its longitudinal axis.
• Longitudinal grooves run from one end of the board to the other.

類義語： lengthwise

反対語： transverse

よく使う表現： longitudinal axis, longitudinal direction, longitudinal section, longitudinal muscles

経度の

地球上のある場所が、東西方向のどの位置にあるかに関わる。

やさしい英語で： Connected with how far east or west a place is on Earth.

• The ship’s longitudinal position changed overnight.
• The map shows longitudinal coordinates along its lower edge.
• They calculated the longitudinal difference between the two cities.

よく使う表現： longitudinal position, longitudinal coordinates, longitudinal difference

縦通材

船などの構造物の長さに沿って伸びる、支えとなる部材。

やさしい英語で： A structural piece that runs along the length of a ship or another structure.

• The workers fitted a longitudinal inside the hull.
• Several longitudinals strengthened the ship’s frame.
• The damaged longitudinal needed replacing.

よく使う表現： hull longitudinal, steel longitudinal

縦まくらぎ

レールの下に、レールと同じ方向に置かれる支え。

やさしい英語で： A railway support that lies underneath and in the same direction as a rail.

• The rail rested on a wooden longitudinal.
• Engineers inspected the longitudinals beneath the track.
• A cracked longitudinal weakened the rail’s support.

類義語： longitudinal sleeper

よく使う表現： timber longitudinal, railway longitudinal