specificity

具体性、明確さ

漠然と述べず、特定の事柄を明確かつ正確に示していること。

やさしい英語で： The quality of being clear and exact about a particular thing rather than speaking generally.

• The instructions lack specificity.
• Please describe your concerns with greater specificity.
• The specificity of her questions helped us identify the problem.

類義語： precision, exactness

反対語： vagueness

よく使う表現： greater specificity, lack specificity, with specificity

特異度

調べている病気などがない人を、検査が正しく陰性と判定する割合。

やさしい英語で： How often a test correctly identifies cases where the thing being tested for is absent.

• The test has high specificity.
• We measured specificity using known negative cases.
• Higher specificity means fewer false positive results.

類義語： true negative rate

よく使う表現： test specificity, high specificity, specificity rate

特異性

検査結果や症状が、他の病気より特定の病気をどれほど強く示すか。

やさしい英語で： How strongly a medical test result or sign points to one particular illness rather than others.

• The symptom has limited specificity.
• Doctors questioned the diagnostic specificity of the finding.
• Its specificity for this disease makes the marker useful.

使い方： specificity for something (This symptom has low specificity for that infection.)

よく使う表現： diagnostic specificity, symptom specificity, low specificity