be

いる、ある

人や物がどこにいるか、どこにあるかを表す。

やさしい英語で： Used to say where someone or something is.

• The dog is outside.
• Are your shoes under the bed?
• We were at home all evening.

使い方： be + place expression (The keys are on the shelf.)

よく使う表現： be at home, be in bed, be near something

である

人や物がどのようなものか、特徴や状態を表す。

やさしい英語で： Used to say what someone or something is like.

• The sky is blue.
• Are you tired?
• The children were very quiet during the film.

使い方： be + adjective (The water is cold.); be + descriptive prepositional phrase (They are in a good mood.)

よく使う表現： be happy, be very tired, be in trouble

いる

-ing形の動詞の前に置き、動作が続いていることを表す。

やさしい英語で： Used before a verb ending in -ing to show that an action is continuing.

• She is sleeping.
• Were you listening to me?
• They will be working all afternoon.

使い方： be + verb-ing (We are waiting for the bus.)

よく使う表現： be working, be waiting, be reading

ある、行われる

出来事がいつ、どこで行われるかを表す。

やさしい英語で： Used to say when or where an event happens.

• The party is tomorrow.
• When was the meeting?
• The next match will be at our school.

使い方： be + time or place expression (The concert is in the park on Sunday.)

類義語： happen, take place

よく使う表現： be on Monday, be at noon, be next week

行く、訪れる

haveやhasとbeenの形で使い、ある場所に行って戻ったことを表す。

やさしい英語で： Used with have or has to say someone visited a place and returned.

• I have been to Spain.
• Have you ever been to this museum?
• She had been to London twice before she moved there.

使い方： have/has been to + place (Have you been to Rome?)

類義語： visit

よく使う表現： be to Paris, be to London

演じる、ふりをする

遊びや劇などで、ほかの人や動物になったつもりで振る舞う。

やさしい英語で： To act like another person or animal, often in a game or play.

• You be the king.
• She is being a cat in our game.
• I was the shopkeeper when we played yesterday.

使い方： be + person or animal role (You can be the doctor, and I will be the patient.)

類義語： play, pretend to be

よく使う表現： be a dog, be the teacher, be a monster