harm

害、損傷

人の体に生じるけがや、物に生じる損傷。

やさしい英語で： Physical injury or damage to a person or thing.

• The fall caused no harm.
• These chemicals can cause serious harm to your skin.
• Keep the children out of harm’s way.

使い方： harm to someone/something (The fire caused harm to the surrounding forest.); do someone harm (The cold could do the young plants harm.)

類義語： damage, injury

よく使う表現： cause harm, bodily harm, harm to something

害、不利益

人の生活や状況に生じる問題、損失などの悪い影響。

やさしい英語で： Trouble, loss, or other bad effects on someone’s life or situation.

• I wish them no harm.
• The delay did more harm than we expected.
• She meant no harm by asking that question.

使い方： wish someone harm (Even after their argument, he wished her no harm.); harm to something (The rumours caused harm to his reputation.)

類義語： damage, detriment

反対語： good

よく使う表現： wish someone harm, mean no harm, do more harm

精神的損害、心の傷

人の感情や心の健康に与えられる傷や悪影響。

やさしい英語で： Damage to someone’s feelings or mental health.

• Cruel words can cause harm.
• The bullying caused lasting emotional harm.
• She needed help after suffering serious psychological harm.

類義語： hurt, damage

よく使う表現： emotional harm, psychological harm, cause lasting harm

害する、傷つける

何かを傷つけたり、状態を悪くしたりする。

やさしい英語で： To damage something or make it worse.

• Pollution harms wildlife.
• The rumours harmed her reputation.
• Could these chemicals harm the plants?

類義語： damage, hurt

反対語： help, benefit

よく使う表現： harm the environment, harm someone’s health, harm a business