runoff

表面流出

地面にしみ込んだり蒸発したりせず、地表を流れる雨水や水やりの水。

やさしい英語で： Rain or watering water that flows over land instead of entering the ground or disappearing into the air.

• Heavy rain increased the runoff.
• The ditch collects runoff from nearby fields.
• Trees help reduce surface runoff after storms.

使い方： runoff from something (Runoff from the hillside flooded the road.)

よく使う表現： surface runoff, storm runoff, rainwater runoff

決選投票

前の投票で当選者が決まらなかったとき、残った候補者の間で行う追加の選挙。

やさしい英語で： An additional election between the remaining candidates when an earlier vote did not produce a winner.

• The election went to a runoff.
• Two candidates will compete in the runoff next month.
• Voters chose a new mayor in Sunday’s runoff.

類義語： second ballot, second round

よく使う表現： runoff election, presidential runoff, runoff vote

化学物質の流出

流れる雨水や水やりの水によって、土地から運び出される化学物質。

やさしい英語で： Chemicals carried off land by flowing rain or watering water.

• Fertilizer runoff polluted the pond.
• The report links nitrate runoff to rapid algae growth.
• Farmers changed their methods to limit chemical runoff.

使い方： runoff of something (Runoff of pesticides harmed the stream.)

よく使う表現： pesticide runoff, fertilizer runoff, chemical runoff

決勝戦、決定戦

残った競技者の間で勝者を決めるために行う追加の試合や競技。

やさしい英語で： An extra round of a competition involving the remaining competitors, used to decide who wins.

• The finalists entered a runoff.
• Two tied contestants faced each other in a runoff.
• She won the competition after a tense runoff.

類義語： deciding round, tiebreaker

よく使う表現： competition runoff, final runoff, runoff round