excess

過剰、余分

必要な量、望まれる量、または許された量を超える分。

やさしい英語で： An amount greater than what is needed, wanted, or allowed.

• Wipe away the excess.
• An excess of rain damaged the crops.
• Pour off any excess before serving the sauce.

使い方： an excess of something (An excess of sugar can spoil the flavour.); in excess (Even healthy foods can cause problems when eaten in excess.)

類義語： surplus, extra

反対語： shortage, deficit

よく使う表現： an excess of, remove the excess, in excess

過剰、余分

必要な量や、適切とされる量を超える分。

やさしい英語で： An amount greater than what is needed or considered acceptable.

• Wipe away the excess.
• An excess of rain damaged the crops.
• He eats everything in excess.

使い方： an excess of something (An excess of salt can spoil the soup.); in excess (Even healthy foods can cause problems when eaten in excess.)

類義語： surplus, overabundance

反対語： shortage

よく使う表現： an excess of, remove the excess, in excess

超過、以上

「in excess of」で、示された数や量を上回ること。

やさしい英語で： In the expression 'in excess of', greater than a stated number or amount.

• The bill was in excess of fifty pounds.
• They drove at speeds in excess of the limit.
• The company employs in excess of a thousand people.

使い方： in excess of something (Repairs will cost in excess of five hundred euros.)

よく使う表現： in excess of, well in excess

放縦、度を越した行動

飲酒や浪費、快楽を求める行動などが度を越し、周囲に非難されること。

やさしい英語で： Actions involving too much drinking, spending, or pleasure, which other people disapprove of.

• His excesses worried his family.
• She regretted the excesses of her youth.
• Years of excess had damaged his health.

類義語： overindulgence

反対語： restraint

よく使う表現： youthful excess, excess of youth

超過分、差額

ある数や量が、別の数や量を上回っている分。

やさしい英語で： The amount by which one number or quantity is greater than another.

• The excess was twenty dollars.
• Calculate the excess of revenue over costs.
• Their income exceeded their expenses, and they saved the excess.

使い方： the excess of A over B (The excess of income over spending was small.)

類義語： difference, remainder

よく使う表現： excess over costs, excess of income

余分な、過剰な

必要な量、許された量、または普通の量を超えている。

やさしい英語で： Greater than the amount that is needed, allowed, or usual.

• Drain off the excess water.
• We paid a fee for excess baggage.
• The machine releases excess heat through these openings.

類義語： extra, surplus

よく使う表現： excess baggage, excess water, excess weight